• Clear all

Biodiversity

Biodiversity, a contraction of “biological diversity” was a term coined in 1985 and refers to the variety of all life on Earth and all its interactions. It comprises several levels of organisation, starting with genes, then individual species, then communities of creatures and finally entire ecosystems, such as forests or coral reefs, where life interacts with the physical environment. These varied and complex interactions have made Earth habitable for billions of years. Without biodiversity, life would not sustain.

We can understand more about biodiversity through the following three levels: 

(i) Genetic diversity: the different genes contained in all the living species, including individual plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms. 
(ii) Species diversity: the different species, as well as the differences within and between different species. 
(iii) Ecosystem diversity: the different habitats, biological communities and ecological processes, as well as variation within individual ecosystems. 

Some Facts:

  • About 1.7 million species of animals, plants and fungi have been recorded, but there are likely to be 8-9 million and possibly up to 100 million! 
  • A spoonful of soil contains 10,000 to 50,000 different types of bacteria! 
  • The tropics are the most biodiverse – for instance there are 700 species of trees in just 37 acres of Borneo’s Forest, which is the same number of tree species found in the whole of North America! 
  • Recent studies also indicate that creatures thought to be single species may actually be dozens. 
  • Further, if we add bacteria and viruses, the total number of distinct creatures may actually be in billions! 
  • India is a mega biodiverse country – home to around 8% of the world’s biodiversity on just 2.3% of global land area and contains sections of four of the 36 global biodiversity hotspots.

Explore Other SDG Vocabulary

Adaptive Management

Adaptive Management

Adaptive management is an approach towards decision making that is based on making adjustments in the decision making process as and how new information and changes are observed. I...

Apathetics

Apathetics

These are a section of the society defined by the Roper ASW Green Gauge Report as the least interested in “green” or environmental issues and the least likely to take any action on...

Bio-based Material

Bio-based Material

“Bio-“ is Greek for life.Bio-based material refers to a product's main constituent consisting of a substance, or substances, originally derived from living organisms. These sub...